Spanish text. 3 pp., 8.5 x 11. 

Letter press address to the nation by Juarez, called the George Washington of his country, as “Interim President” of Mexico for two tumultuous years of civil war. He and six Ministers of his cabinet issued this manifesto from his headquarters at Vera Cruz, denouncing Spain’s treaty with the rival conservative military regime in Mexico City that had rebelled against the liberal reform policies of his Constitutional government.

By giving diplomatic recognition to the “enemies of liberty”, he wrote, Spain had committed an act “offensive to the dignity” of the Mexican Republic. A year later, to the dismay of Spain and other European powers, the Juarez Government, with US support, recaptured Mexico City. But then French Emperor Napoleon III took advantage of the American Civil War to invade Mexico, proclaiming the “Empire” of Austrian Archduke Maximilian. Juarez then began an ultimately victorious five year war against the French and their reactionary Mexican allies.