Sale 675: Lenny Bruce & the Post-War Counterculture (#675) 06/13/2019 11:00 AM PDT Closed Starts Ending 06/13/2019 11:00 AM PDT Auction Info PDF Prices Realized View ▼ Items per page 102550100 Sort by DefaultTime LeftLot#TitleNewestHighest PriceLowest PriceBidsViewsAuthorProvenancePublisherDate PublishedConditionCode Filter By Categories Category match ANY of the aboveALL of the above ConditionCodeConditionCode-Select-finenear finevery goodgoodfairpoor sold as is Featured Exclude closed lots Price Lot Number Results: Viewing items 1-82 of 82. Previous|1|Next Lot #2 Twelve reel-to-real audio tapes of Lenny Bruce performances in San Francisco, Chicago, and elsewhere, 1962-1964 Heading(Audio Tapes)AuthorBruce, LennyHeadlineVintage audio tapes of Lenny Bruce performancesDate Published1962-1964 View details Estimate$5,000 - $8,000Sold for$3,125StatusSold Lot #3 Five of Lenny Bruce's bar tabs, 3 of them signed by Bruce Heading(Bar Tabs)HeadlineLenny Bruce's bar tabsDate Publishedc.1962 View details Estimate$300 - $500Sold for$531.25StatusSold Lot #4 Six of Lenny Bruce's bar tabs, 5 of them signed by Bruce Heading(Bar Tabs)HeadlineLenny Bruce's bar tabsDate PublishedUndated View details Estimate$300 - $500Sold for$237.50StatusSold Lot #5 Three of Lenny Bruce's bar tabs, each signed by Bruce Heading(Bar Tabs)HeadlineLenny Bruce's bar tabsDate Publishedc.1962 View details Estimate$300 - $500Sold for$250StatusSold Lot #6 Significant letter from Lenny Bruce to attorney Melvin Belli regarding both personal and legal matters Heading(Belli, Melvin)AuthorBruce, LennyHeadlineLenny Bruce writes to Melvin BelliDate PublishedDecember 4, 1962 View details Estimate$1,000 - $1,500Sold for$625StatusSold Lot #7 Typed memo on Bruce’s personal letterhead to attorney Melvin Belli concerning trial strategies Heading(Belli, Melvin)AuthorBruce, LennyHeadlineNote from Lenny Bruce to lawyer Melvin BelliDate Published1962 View details Estimate$2,000 - $3,000Sold for$1,250StatusSold Lot #8 Five pieces of correspondence between Bruce and attorney Melvin Bell concerning his Los Angeles trial for obscenity and possession of narcotics Heading(Belli, Melvin)HeadlineMelvin Belli & Lenny Bruce's 1962 L.A. trialDate Published1962-1966 View details Estimate$1,500 - $2,500StatusUnsold Lot #9 Letter from Lenny Bruce about appearing at the Berkeley Community Theater in 1965 Heading(Berkeley Community Theater)AuthorBruce, LennyHeadlineLenny Bruce plans gig at Berkeley Community TheaterDate Published1965 View details Estimate$300 - $500Sold for$531.25StatusSold Lot #10 "Kennedy" - typescript (or transcript) of Bruce's performance on September 29, 1960 AuthorBruce, LennyHeadlineLenny Bruce's Kennedy routine during election campaignDate Published1960 View details Estimate$2,000 - $3,000StatusUnsold Lot #12 Typed transcripts of Bruce’s 1958 appearances at the Club 440 in North Beach, San Francisco AuthorBruce, LennyHeadlineTranscripts for Lenny Bruce breakout performances, 1958Date Published1958 View details Estimate$7,000 - $10,000StatusUnsold Lot #14 Collection of approximately 1,500 business records from 1957 through 1965, the bulk of Bruce’s productive career - about sixty have Bruce’s holographic annotations or notes Heading(Business records)HeadlineLenny Bruce's business recordsDate Published1957-1965 View details Estimate$5,000 - $8,000Sold for$3,125StatusSold Lot #15 Check signed as Lenny Bruce and Leonard A. Schneider Heading(Checks)AuthorBruce, LennyHeadlineCheck signed by Lenny Bruce as Leonard A. SchneiderDate PublishedDecember 20, 1962 View details Estimate$300 - $500Sold for$406.25StatusSold Lot #16 Check signed by Lenny Bruce that was cancelled due to insufficient funds Heading(Checks)AuthorBruce, LennyHeadlineLenny Bruce check returned for insufficient fundsDate PublishedJune 25, 1962 View details Estimate$300 - $500Sold for$750StatusSold Lot #17 Letter from Robert G. McBride, business manager at City Lights Books in San Francisco, proposing reducing the price of Bruce's records for sale at City Lights, as they were not selling successfully Heading(City Lights Books)AuthorMcBride, Robert G.HeadlineLenny Bruce sells records at S.F.'s City LightsDate PublishedOct. 21, 1964 View details Estimate$500 - $800Sold for$437.50StatusSold Lot #18 Signed contract between Lenny Bruce and the American Guild of Variety Artists [AGVA] for his national breakout at the Cloisters night club, Chicago, August 5, 1958 Heading(Cloisters performance contract)HeadlineLenny Bruce's breakout at Chicago's Cloisters night clubDate Published1958 View details Estimate$800 - $1,200Sold for$500StatusSold Lot #19 Early photocopies of three typed letters by Lenny Bruce, unsigned, but with significant content not available elsewhere Heading(Correspondence)AuthorBruce, LennyHeadlineCopies of Lenny Bruce letters with rare contentDate Publishedc.1960's View details Estimate$300 - $500StatusUnsold Lot #20 Letter to Lenny Bruce from Lynn Mendez, recounting her visit to Bruce when he was a patient at Cedars of Lebanon hospital in Los Angeles, and expressing her love for Bruce Heading(Correspondence)AuthorMendez, LynnHeadlineLove letter to Lenny BruceDate PublishedApril 25, 1965 View details Estimate$300 - $500StatusUnsold Lot #21 Humorous letter to Lenny Bruce from a fan who caught Bruce’s act in Baltimore in February 1961 Heading(Correspondence)AuthorMeyers, J.E.HeadlineLetter to Lenny Bruce from a fanDate Published11 Feb. 1961 View details Estimate$200 - $300StatusUnsold Lot #22 Original business correspondence to Bruce concerning three significant engagements Heading(Correspondence)HeadlineSignificant performances by Lenny BruceDate Published1958-1963 View details Estimate$300 - $500StatusUnsold Lot #23 "The Libretto of Lennie the Libra" - handwritten birthday poem to Lenny Bruce Heading(Correspondence)Author"Sheila"HeadlineBirthday poem to Lenny BruceDate PublishedNo date View details Estimate$200 - $300StatusUnsold Lot #24 Letter to Lenny Bruce (Leonardo Cardinal Bruce, a.k.a. Lord Byron), signed Todd Heading(Correspondence)Author"Todd"HeadlineLetter to Lenny Bruce c.1961Date Published[c.1961] View details Estimate$200 - $300StatusUnsold Lot #25 Rough draft of a letter from Lenny Bruce to private investigator Jack Dolan, about errors in a trial Heading(Dolan, Jack)AuthorBruce, LennyHeadlineLenny Bruce writes about error in trial, 1964Date PublishedApril 1, 1964 View details Estimate$1,500 - $2,500Sold for$1,375StatusSold Lot #26 Letter from Lenny Bruce to investigator John Dolan, regarding possible improper reporting of record sales Heading(Dolan, John)AuthorBruce, LennyHeadlineLenny Bruce tries to get out of record contractDate Publishedc.1962 View details Estimate$500 - $800Sold for$593.75StatusSold Lot #27 Receipt for purchase of a drum set by Lenny Bruce shortly after his divorce Heading(Drums)HeadlineLenny Bruce buys a drum setDate Publishedc.1960 View details Estimate$400 - $600StatusUnsold Lot #28 Printed invitation to the eulogy service held for Bruce by Phil Spector Productions Heading(Eulogy)HeadlineEulogy service for Lenny BruceDate Published1966 View details Estimate$200 - $300Sold for$125StatusSold Lot #29 Letter of agreement between Bruce and Don Friedman / J.Z.Z. Productions for three concerts in May, 1964 Heading(Friedman, Don)HeadlineAgreement for Lenny Bruce concerts in 1964Date Published1964 View details Estimate$500 - $800StatusUnsold Lot #30 Letter from Lenny Bruce to Seymour, referring to Judy Garland Heading(Garland, Judy)AuthorBruce, LennyHeadlineJudy Garland attends Lenny Bruce act in ChicagoDate PublishedSeptember 1958 View details Estimate$700 - $1,000Sold for$437.50StatusSold Lot #31 Letter from Lenny Bruce to the two Los Angeles police officers who arrested him for narcotics in 1962 Heading(Heroin arrest)AuthorBruce, LennyHeadlineLenny Bruce writes to heroin-bust copsDate Publishedc.1962 View details Estimate$800 - $1,200StatusUnsold Lot #32 Letter from Lenny Bruce to his attorney Godfrey Isaac concerning trial strategy for two of his heroin busts Heading(Heroin trials)AuthorBruce, LennyHeadlineLenny Bruce writes to his Heroin trial lawyerDate Published1962 View details Estimate$2,000 - $3,000StatusUnsold Lot #33 Collection of legal documents concerning Bruce’s 1963 Los Angeles drug conviction and his request to have the conviction set aside for juror misconduct Heading(Heroin trials)HeadlineLenny Bruce's 1963 drug convictionDate Published1964 View details Estimate$1,000 - $1,500StatusUnsold Lot #34 Letter from Lenny Bruce to Isabella Frankau, a British expert in addiction, about the manufacture of heroin Heading(Heroin)AuthorBruce, LennyHeadlineLenny Bruce describes manufacture of HeroinDate PublishedOctober 17, 1962 View details Estimate$1,000 - $1,500StatusUnsold Lot #35 Photograph of Lenny Bruce at the "hungry i" night club in San Francisco, with Max Weiss (co-owner of Fantasy Records) who poses as Toulouse Lautrec Heading("hungry i" night club)HeadlineLenny Bruce & Max Weiss at "hungry i"Date Published1957 View details Estimate$300 - $500Sold for$187.50StatusSold Lot #36 Irving Granz' Jazz á la Carte (wrapper title) Heading(Jazz)HeadlineLenny Bruce at Jazz ala Carte, 1960Date Published1960 View details Estimate$200 - $300Sold for$125StatusSold Lot #37 Draft letter from Lenny Bruce to President Lyndon Johnson regarding U.S. Senate legislation to regulate amphetamines and other diet pills Heading(Johnson, Lyndon B.)AuthorBruce, LennyHeadlineLetter from Lenny Bruce to LBJ about amphetamines.Date PublishedMarch 6, 1965 View details Estimate$3,000 - $5,000StatusUnsold Lot #38 Note from Lenny Bruce to his companion and room-mate John Judnick asking him to send writer Albert Goldman a copy of his album 'Lenny Bruce is Out Again' Heading(Judnick, John)AuthorBruce, LennyHeadlineLenny Bruce letter to his roommateDate PublishedNo date View details Estimate$300 - $500Sold for$750StatusSold Lot #39 Ten pages of holographic notes in Lenny Bruce’s hand concerning unidentified legal matters Heading(Legal)AuthorBruce, LennyHeadlineNotes by Lenny Bruce about various legal mattersDate PublishedUndated View details Estimate$500 - $800StatusUnsold Lot #40 Correspondence between Lenny Bruce and London theatrical agent Nick Louard regarding setting up a London engagement Heading(Louard, Nick)HeadlineLenny Bruce to play LondonDate Published1962 View details Estimate$1,000 - $1,500StatusUnsold Lot #41 Letter from Sally Marr, Lenny Bruce's mother, to Lenny AuthorMarr, SallyHeadlineLetter to Lenny Bruce from his motherDate PublishedJuly 2, [1964] View details Estimate$300 - $500StatusUnsold Lot #42 Counter check, written and signed by Bruce to his mother Sally Marr, for repayment of loan for legal bills Heading(Marr. Sally)AuthorBruce, LennyHeadlineLenny Bruce repays mother for legal expensesDate PublishedFebruary 17, 1965 View details Estimate$400 - $600Sold for$593.75StatusSold Lot #43 Lenny Bruce’s stage microphone: Shure Unidyne Model 55S, Ser. No. 5331 [Mfd. July 1953] with floor stand by Atlas Sound, Brooklyn Heading(Microphone)HeadlineLenny Bruce's stage microphoneDate Published1953 View details Estimate$2,000 - $3,000Sold for$3,750StatusSold Lot #44 Philadelphia Trial Transcript Heading(Narcotics trial - Philadelphia)HeadlineLenny Bruce busted in PhiladelphiaDate Published1961 View details Estimate$1,000 - $1,500StatusUnsold Lot #45 File of approximately eighty vintage news clippings regarding Lenny Bruce performances, reviews, legal problems, etc. Heading(Newspaper clippings)HeadlineNewslippings covering Lenny Bruce's careerDate Publishedc.1960-1966 View details Estimate$200 - $300StatusUnsold Lot #46 Collection of 15 night club booking offers and receipts, one initialed by Bruce in ink Heading(Night Clubs)HeadlineLenny Bruce's night club bookingsDate PublishedVarious dates View details Estimate$200 - $300StatusUnsold Lot #47 Notice from Lenny Bruce’s bail bond agency informing him of a December 1964 sentencing date for his NY obscenity conviction and advising that nonappearance will forfeit his bond Heading(Obscenity trial bail bond)HeadlineBail bond for Lenny Bruce obscenity convictionDate PublishedDec. 11, 1964 View details Estimate$200 - $300Sold for$125StatusSold Lot #48 Binder of manuscript notes by Lenny Bruce, apparently made while conducting legal research for his 1964 New York obscenity trial Heading(Obscenity trials)AuthorBruce, LennyHeadlineLenny Bruce's notes for obscenity trialDate Published[1964] View details Estimate$1,000 - $1,500StatusUnsold Lot #49 Letter from Lenny Bruce to Trial Judge John Murtagh, substituting himself as counsel in order to submit new evidence against the advice of his attorney Heading(Obscenity trials)AuthorBruce, LennyHeadlineLenny Bruce pleas to defend self at obscenity trialDate PublishedSeptember 10, 1964 View details Estimate$500 - $800StatusUnsold Lot #50 Collection of legal documents concerning Bruce’s appeal of his 1963 Los Angeles obscenity conviction Heading(Obscenity trials)HeadlineLenny Bruce appeals 1963 obscenity convictionDate Published1964 View details Estimate$300 - $500StatusUnsold Lot #51 Lenny Bruce’s copies of legal documents related to his 1964 New York trial for obscenity - Cafe Au Go Go, Greenwich Village. Heading(Obscenity trials)HeadlineLenny Bruce busted for obscenity in Greenwich VillageDate Published1964 View details Estimate$2,000 - $3,000StatusUnsold Lot #52 Printed reply brief for Bruce’s appeal of his 1963 conviction in Chicago - the Gate of Horn obscenity trial Heading(Obscenity trials)HeadlineLenny Bruce appeals obscenity convictionPublisherMidwest Law Printing Co.Date Published1963 View details Estimate$300 - $500Sold for$212.50StatusSold Lot #53 Three typed memoranda from Lenny Bruce or his secretary Jan Matthews regarding Bruce’s December 1962 trial in Los Angeles Heading(Obscenity trials)HeadlineMemos for Lenny Bruce's LA obscenity trial 1962Date Published1962 View details Estimate$500 - $800StatusUnsold Lot #54 Note on Olympia Press letterhead to Lenny Bruce, with notations and an ink doodle by Bruce Heading(Olympia Press)HeadlineLenny Bruce doodle on note from Olympia PressDate Published1962 View details Estimate$300 - $500StatusUnsold Lot #55 Penal Law with all Amendments to the Close of the 1950 Regular Session of the Legislature Heading(Penal Law, New York - Lenny Bruce's copy)HeadlineLenny Bruce's copy of New York penal lawPublisherThe Lawyers Co-operative Publishing CompanyDate Published1951 View details Estimate$500 - $800StatusUnsold Lot #56 Photograph of the marque of the Strand Theatre in New York City, likely 1949, announcing Lenny Bruce in performance Heading(Photographs)HeadlineLenny Bruce at the Strand Theatre 1948Date Published[c.1949] View details Estimate$200 - $300StatusUnsold Lot #57 Photomontage of Lenny Bruce used for the cover of the Aug 16, 1968 issue of Zero Heading(Photographs)HeadlinePhotomontage of Lenny BruceDate Published1968 View details Estimate$300 - $500Sold for$187.50StatusSold Lot #58 Seven candid black & white family photographs of or by Lenny Bruce and his daughter Kitty Heading(Photographs)HeadlineFamily photos of Lenny Bruce & daughterDate Published1940's-'50's View details Estimate$300 - $500Sold for$250StatusSold Lot #59 Three original photographs, two of which were reproduced in Lenny Bruce's self-published booklet Stamp Help Out Heading(Photographs)HeadlineLenny Bruce in ItalyDate Publishedc.1944, likely printed later View details Estimate$200 - $300Sold for$125StatusSold Lot #60 Three vintage publicity stills of Lenny Bruce Heading(Photographs)HeadlinePublicity stills of Lenny BruceDate PublishedUndated, but circa 1957-1958. View details Estimate$200 - $300Sold for$250StatusSold Lot #61 Two photographs of Lenny Bruce with Sammy Davis Jr., one also with musician Eric Miller Heading(Photographs)HeadlineLenny Bruce & Sammy Davis Jr.Date PublishedNo date View details Estimate$200 - $300Sold for$125StatusSold Lot #62 Printed police report of Bruce’s arrest for obscenity, Los Angeles, 3-12-64 - four copies Heading(Police report)HeadlineLenny Bruce arrested for Obscenity in Los AngelesDate Published1964 View details Estimate$300 - $500Sold for$225StatusSold Lot #63 Bill Graham Presents In Concert Lenny Bruce and...the Mothers - original Fillmore West poster for Lenny Bruce's last performances, June 24-5 1966 Heading(Posters)AuthorWilson, WesHeadlineLenny Bruce's last concert - at the FillmorePublisherBill Graham PresentsDate Published1966 View details Estimate$500 - $800Sold for$437.50StatusSold Lot #64 Letter from Lenny Bruce to his partner/manager Frankie Ray [Perilli], relating that another comic accused Bruce of stealing his act Heading(Ray, Frank)AuthorBruce, LennyHeadlineLenny Bruce steals another comedian's act - Not!Date Published[c.1961] View details Estimate$500 - $800Sold for$593.75StatusSold Lot #65 "Sabnorsky’s Son-in-law" - photocopy typescript, plus draft scripts and treatments for “future projects” being developed by Frank Ray Heading(Ray, Frank)AuthorBruce, Lenny & Ray, FrankHeadlineLenny Bruce collaborates with comedian Frank RayDate PublishedNo dates View details Estimate$500 - $800StatusUnsold Lot #66 Large brown mailing envelope from Lenny Bruce in Puerto Rico, addressed to Frank Ray, c/o Sally Marr in Los Angeles Heading(Ray, Frank)HeadlineLenny Bruce's Puerto Rico vacationDate PublishedJune 1961 View details Estimate$200 - $300Sold for$125StatusSold Lot #67 The Realist - 8 issues, all but one with articles by or about Lenny Bruce Heading(Realist)AuthorKrassner, Paul, editorHeadlineLenny Bruce in The RealistPublisherThe Realist Association, Inc.Date Published1960-1966 View details Estimate$200 - $300Sold for$150StatusSold Lot #68 Lenny Bruce: Recording Submitted as Evidence in the San Francisco Obscenity Trial in March, 1962 Heading(Record)HeadlineVinyl recording of Lenny Bruce's obscenity trial evidencePublisherLenny BruceDate Published[1964] View details Estimate$200 - $300Sold for$137.50StatusSold Lot #69 Collection of two-dozen+ typed and handwritten orders to Bruce for his 1962 album “Confessions of a Dirty-Talking Dope Fiend" Heading(Records - album orders)HeadlineOrders for “Confessions of a Dirty-Talking Dope Fiend"Date PublishedVarious dates View details Estimate$200 - $300Sold for$125StatusSold Lot #70 Correspondence between Lenny Bruce and Alan Ribback, owner of the Gate of Horn night club in Chicago Heading(Ribback, Alan)AuthorBruce, Lenny & Alan RibbackHeadlineLenny Bruce plans to do ChicagoDate Published1962 View details Estimate$400 - $600StatusUnsold Lot #71 Printed handbill for rock concert in Monterey with manuscript notes by Lenny Bruce on the back Heading(Rock Concert Handbill)HeadlineLenny Bruce's copy of early rock concert handbillDate Published1966 View details Estimate$300 - $500Sold for$437.50StatusSold Lot #72 Set of 8 lobby cards and the Exhibitor’s Campaign Book for Bruce’s 1954 20th Century Fox film “The Rocket Man” Heading(Rocket Man)HeadlineLobby cards for Lenny Bruce's Rocket ManDate Published1954 View details Estimate$200 - $300Sold for$312.50StatusSold Lot #73 Three items signed by Lenny Bruce Heading(Signed items)AuthorBruce, LennyHeadlineThree items signed by Lenny BruceDate Published1962 View details Estimate$300 - $500Sold for$593.75StatusSold Lot #74 Binder of business records and correspondence from Bruce to Jack Sobel, Jan-March 1962 Heading(Sobel, Jack)AuthorBruce, LennyHeadlineLenny Bruce writes to his agent Jack SobelDate Published1962 View details Estimate$3,000 - $5,000StatusUnsold Lot #75 Letter from Lenny Bruce to agent Jack Sobel regarding financial arrangements for his daughter Heading(Sobel, Jack)AuthorBruce, LennyHeadlineLenny Bruce plans daughter's financial securityDate PublishedMay 4, 1962 View details Estimate$300 - $500StatusUnsold Lot #76 Letter from Lenny Bruce to his agent Jack Sobel asking him to work out better financial arrangements for a return engagement in London Heading(Sobel, Jack)AuthorBruce, LennyHeadlineLenny Bruce negotiates appearance in LondonDate PublishedNovember, 1962 View details Estimate$500 - $800Sold for$625StatusSold Lot #77 Telegram from Lenny Bruce to Jack Sobel, about business matters, calling Hugh Hefner a mentally ill compulsive liar Heading(Sobel, Jack)AuthorBruce, LennyHeadlineLenny Bruce calls Hugh Hefner mentally ill liarDate PublishedJuly 25 [c.1961-2] View details Estimate$700 - $1,000StatusUnsold Lot #78 Letter from Lenny Bruce's agent Jack Sobel, to Bruce, regarding money problems and business disputes AuthorSobel, JackHeadlineJack Sobel opines on Lenny Bruce's financial problemsDate PublishedJuly 22, 1962 View details Estimate$300 - $500Sold for$187.50StatusSold Lot #79 Stamp Help Out Heading(Stamp Help Out)AuthorBruce, LennyHeadlineLenny Bruce's first book, Stamp Help OutDate Published1962 View details Estimate$700 - $1,000Sold for$437.50StatusSold Lot #80 Buffalo horn, Italian switch-blade knife used by Bruce in his 1953 film debut “Dance Hall Racket” Heading(Switch-blade knife used in "Dance Hall Racket"HeadlineSwitch-blade from Lenny Bruce's film debutPublisherRizzuto EstilitoDate PublishedUndated View details Estimate$500 - $800Sold for$312.50StatusSold Lot #109 WITHDRAWN - Screenplay for Charles Bukowski's Post Office Heading(Bukowski, Charles)AuthorCarpenter, DonHeadlineWITHDRAWN - Screenplay for Charles Bukowski's Post OfficePublisherPlayboy Productions, New Visions Inc.Date Published[c. 1977] View details Estimate$400 - $600StatusUnsold Lot #117 Concert ticket and press release from Bob Dylan's first Bay Area performance, Berkeley Community Theater 1964 Heading(Dylan, Bob)HeadlineTicket & press release from Dylan's SF Bay debutPublisherMary Ann Pollar PresentsDate Published1964 View details Estimate$200 - $300Sold for$343.75StatusSold Lot #130 Iconic photograph of Jerry Garcia on Haight Street, March 1968 Heading(Grateful Dead)AuthorBrown, SteveHeadlineIconic Steve Brown photo of Jerry Garcia, signed by BrownDate Published1968 View details Estimate$200 - $300Sold for$531.25StatusSold Lot #147 Collection of photographs by Robert Altman Heading(Photographs)AuthorAltman, RobertHeadline1960s photographs by Robert Altman, some signedDate Publishedc.1969 View details Estimate$1,000 - $1,500StatusUnsold Lot #187 Radical Software Heading(Television)HeadlineRadical Software, issues 1 &3, plus The Tv EnvironmentDate Publishedc.1970 View details Estimate$700 - $1,000Sold for$437.50StatusSold Items per page 102550100 Previous|1|Next Previous 1 Next Previous 1 Next