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Rare author's offprint of “On the Mechanical Analogies of the Second Law of Thermodynamics,” a seminal paper in the development of the modern concept of entropy as the probabilistic outcome of random collisions by mechanical particles. One of the most important early advocates for atomic theory at a time when its scientific model was still highly controversial, Boltzmann (1844-1906) made foundational contributions to the fields of statistical mechanics and statistical thermodynamics. This offprint bears the wording "Ueberreicht vom Verfasser" and "Sonderabdruck aus Heft 2 Bd. 100 des Journals für die reine und angewandte Mathematik” on its wrapper. OCLC lists only one copy (lacking its wrapper), at Cornell.